by Kevin Brasler

Last updated July 2025

Our discussion on how to save energy at home briefly hits on more than 30 changes you can can make in and around your home, from cheap-yet-effective steps to upgrades that require upfront spending, but quickly pay for themselves from lower utility bills to systems and renovations that minimize what you pull off the grid, but come at steep prices.

Often, the extra costs of energy-saving improvements can be reduced by tax credits and utility company rebates. But on July 4, President Trump signed into law a sprawling bill that ended generous tax credits for green-energy projects. You can still claim the “Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit” when preparing your 2025 tax return, but you must complete and pay for eligible projects by December 31.

Below are the energy-saving rebate programs available at the time of this writing. We didn’t include low-interest loan programs or incentives available for new home construction. We also didn’t look for community grants for multi-home projects or programs for owners of commercial buildings. There are also many programs available to landlords of apartment buildings.

Check EnergyStar.gov for up-to-date info. Also check with Mass Save and the Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE).

Act Fast to Take Advantage of Canceled Federal Tax Credits

You can still claim the “Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit” if you complete and pay for projects by the end of 2025. This incentive provides tax breaks to homeowners who make green improvements to their primary residences. The credit is equal to 30 percent of the cost of the following types of eligible projects; for some there are individual annual maximum allowable credits:

  • Air-sealing and insulation improvements—no cap
  • Central ACs—$300 cap for most systems
  • Energy audits—$150 cap
  • Exterior doors—$250 per door, $500 limit for multiple doors
  • Gas and oil furnaces—$600 cap for units with 97+ AFUE
  • Windows and skylights—$600 cap

If you do more than one of the projects listed above there’s a maximum tax credit of $1,200 each year.

A separate tax credit of up to $2,000 is available if you buy a qualifying heat pump, heat pump water heater, or biomass stove or boiler (for example, one that burns wood pellets). That credit also goes away at the end of 2025.

If you install a ground-source heat pump or solar panels you may qualify for a 30 percent federal tax credit with no cap. Again, you have to complete all work by the end of 2025 to get the incentive.

Rebate Programs Funded by the Inflation Reduction Act Languish

The new law that ended energy efficiency tax credits did not cancel rebate programs authorized by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022. But since taking office, President Trump’s administration has slowed or halted approvals for these programs, and it’s still unclear whether rebates for Massachusetts residents will ever launch.

The IRA allotted more than $350 billion for energy and climate programs by establishing incentives for U.S. households and businesses to shift to technologies that consume less energy and cut greenhouse-gas emissions. About $80 billion of that was earmarked for rebates of up to $14,000 per household for making green energy upgrades over the next decade. The largest rebates would have encouraged households to switch to heat pumps to heat and cool their homes. These aren’t tax credits; they’re point-of-sale rebates that homeowners will receive as discounts as they make preapproved improvements.

The IRA required each state to create its own rebate program and then submit its plans to the Department of Energy for approval. Only a handful of states received funding prior to Trump’s inauguration. Since then, no new state rebate programs have launched. Websites of most other states still report their programs will be available in 2025 but we have found it difficult to get updated info on them.

Massachusetts authorized its Department of Energy Resources to implement its rebate programs. In 2024, it reported it intended “to implement the Home Electrification and Appliance Rebates (HEAR) funding by integrating the federal funding into Mass Save.”

While the state hasn’t yet received funding from the IRA to support and bolster the existing Mass Save program, generous rebates remain available.

Mass Save Programs

Listed below are incentives from Mass Save in effect in July 2025. Visit MassSave.com for up-to-date info. Before starting a project, confirm that you qualify. The program usually requires homeowners to work with their utility’s “approved” contractors or to file paperwork before installations.

  • Free energy audits
  • Air sealing and insulation improvements—Discounts of 75 to 100 percent, depending on project and energy savings
  • Clothes dryers—$200 rebate for heat-pump models; $50 rebate for efficient electric models
  • Clothes washers—up to $150 rebate for eligible projects
  • Dehumidifiers—$30 rebate for efficient models; $30 for turning in old inefficient units
  • Heat pumps, air-source—$10,000 rebate for units with SEER 16 and HSPF 9.5 or better when installing system as sole source of heating for home; $1,250-per-ton rebate (up to $10,000) for adding an efficient heat pump as a partial-home heating source; $500 to $1,500 rebate for adding integrated controls to hybrid heating systems
  • Heat pumps, air-to-water systems—$10,000 for installing energy efficient models
  • Heat pumps, ground-source (geothermal)—$15,000 rebate when installing system as sole source of heating for home; $2,000-per-ton rebate (up to $15,000) for adding a ground-source heat pump as a partial-home heating source; $500 to $1,500 rebate for adding integrated controls to hybrid heating systems
  • Heat pumps, mini-split—Up to $10,000 rebate for installing energy-efficient systems
  • Lawn mowers—$75 rebate for battery-powered models
  • Programmable thermostats—$25 to $100 rebate per unit, depending on model; free installation
  • Refrigerators and freezer recycling—$75 rebate
  • Room ACs—$40 rebate for efficient models
  • Room air cleaners—$40 rebate for efficient models
  • Stoves, induction—$500 rebate when replacing a natural gas or propane stove
  • Water heaters, heat pump—$750 rebate for eligible projects
  • Windows—$75 rebate per window for efficient units when replacing single-pane windows

Additional Resources to Help You Go Green at Home

Consumer Reports
Ratings of appliances, lightbulbs, window AC units, etc.

Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency
Rebates and tax incentives available from utilities and governments

Earth911.com
Green tips, plus database of recycling centers and where to dispose of hazardous household waste

Efficient Windows Collaborative
Help with window selection and estimating cost savings

Energy Star
Certifies energy-efficient appliances and HVAC equipment

National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Research and publications on renewables; offers a calculator that estimates energy production and cost of solar installations

Passive House Institute U.S.
Certification and training for net-zero energy-use builders, contractors, and manufacturers

Residential Energy Services Network
Certification for energy auditors

Rewiring America
Educational resources; tracks public policy for electrification projects

Snugg Pro
User-friendly web-based energy-auditing software

YouTube.com
Thousands of DIY videos from experts (but also non-experts)

Zero Energy Project
Advice and lists of products and suppliers for home buyers, builders, and designers interested in net-zero energy-use homes